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 Classical Modes

The seven classical modes each have a different “flavour”. Their sound is often described as ranging from “bright” to “dark”. They are known as:

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The Lydian Mode

The Lydian mode can be derived from the Major Scale by raising its fourth. This gives it a bright, yet exotic sound. It is the brightest of the classical modes.

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Tonal Mode

The Ionian Mode

The Ionian mode is what we usually refer to as the major scale. Typically it is described as having a bright, stable sound.


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Tonal Mode

The Myxolydian Mode

The Myxolydian mode is derived from major by lowering the seventh, making it the darkest of the “major sounding” modes.


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Tonal Mode

The Dorian Mode

The Dorian mode is derived from major by lowering the seventh and the third. The lowered third gives it  a minor scale flavour.



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Tonal Mode

The Aeolian Mode

The Aeolian mode is derived from major by lowering the seventh, the third and the sixth. It is sometimes referred to as the Natural Minor Scale.


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Tonal Mode

The Phrygian Mode

The Phrygian mode is derived from major by lowering the seventh, third, sixth and second. The result is a very dark, exotic minor scale.


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The Lochrian Mode

The Lochrian Mode is derived from major by lowering the seventh, third, sixth, second as well as the fifth. Lowering the perfect fifth gives it a very unstable quality. It is the darkest of the classical modes.


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Tonal Modes

The Tonal Modes can be combined to generate a ‘master mode’ within the nominated key.
The following points will then apply:
The Tonal Notes (1st,4th,5th) of the master mode are unaltered. They provide stability and a sense of ‘key’.
The Modal Notes (2nd,3rd,6th,7th) are available in major (standard) and minor (lowered) versions to provide modal ‘colour’.

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©1998-2011MauriceD’Abruzzo

Disclaimer: All content is the author’s interpretation of standard music theory, & should be confirmed & validated by your music trainer, tutor or appropriate professional.

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